What is the difference between "Projection" and "Coordinate System"?

The distinction between "Projection" and "Coordinate System" is vital in understanding how spatial data is represented and used in GIS applications. The correct choice highlights that projection deals specifically with the methods by which three-dimensional (3D) coordinates on the Earth’s surface are transformed into two-dimensional (2D) representations, essentially allowing for the display of geographic information on flat surfaces such as maps. This transformation involves mathematical techniques that can alter the shapes, areas, distances, and angles in ways that conform to various map-making needs.

On the other hand, a coordinate system serves as a framework providing a context for spatial reference. It defines how spatial data points are quantified in a geographic sense, typically establishing the origin and the units of measurement within the projection. This framework is crucial for enabling accurate location referencing on the projection itself.

Other options present flawed understandings: the idea that projection is solely for data storage or related only to raster data misrepresents both concepts. Likewise, suggesting that projection pertains only to map designs overlooks its broader application in data processing and analysis. Thus, understanding the correct relationship between projection and coordinate systems is fundamental for effective spatial data management and analysis in GIS systems.